The Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition predicates on an account of fundamental principles and their applications to the study of elements. The comparative chemistry of inorganic compounds is discussed with special reference to periodicity, structure, bonding and reactivity. Recent advances in important segments of chemical bonding, allotropes, coordination compounds, organometallic derivatives and kinetics have been taken into consideration. The text covers almost every component of inorganic chemistry that is included in the curriculum prescribed for professional degrees. It disseminates information in a clear, systematic and easy-to-learn format. Table of Contents Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Abbreviations Chapter 1 Atomic Structure: Introduction The Electron The Proton The Neutron The Nucleus Rutherford Model of Atom Electromagnetic Radiation Wave Nature of Light Particle Nature of Light Proofs of particle nature of light Photoelectric effect Compton effect Electromagnetic Spectrum Atomic Spectrum Failure of Rutherford Model Bohr Model of Atom Bohr’s picture of hydrogen atom Bohr’s explanation for hydrogen spectrum Failure of Bohr model Particle Nature of Electron Wave Nature of Electron de Broglie Principle Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Schrodinger Wave Equation Quantum Numbers Principal quantum number Azimuthal quantum number Magnetic quantum number Spin quantum number Transformation of Coordinates Significance of Wave Function Significance of Probability Concept Pauli Exclusion Principle Hund’s Rule of Maximum Multiplicity Aufbau Principle Term Symbols Chapter 2 Periodic Table: Introduction The Classification s-Block elements Representative elements Transition elements Inner transition elements Size of Elements Atomic radii Ionic radii Ionization Energy Electron Affinity Electronegativity Variation of electronegativity Electronegativity scales Pauling scale Mulliken scale AllredRochow scale Jaffe scale Slater Rules Relativistic Effect Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Numbers Greater than 100 Chapter 3 Chemical Bonding: Introduction Ionic Bond Lattice energy BornHaber cycle The Kapustinskii equation Degree of ionic character Fajans’ rules Stoichiometric defects in ionic crystals Schottky defects Frenkel defects Consequences of stoichiometric defects Non-stoichiometric defects in ionic crystals Metal excess due to anion vacancies Metal excess due to interstitial cations Metal deficiency due to cation vacancies Metal deficiency due to interstitial anions Consequences of non-stoichiometric defects Radius ratio concept Coordination number 3 (plane triangle) Coordination number 4 (tetrahedral) Coordination number 6 (octahedral) Coordination number 8 (cubic) Limitations of radius ratio concept Covalent Bond Valence bond theory Hybridization Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory Molecular orbital theory Polar covalent bonds Dipole moment Resonance Bond length Bond angle Metallic Bond Theories of Bonding in Metals Sea of electrons theory Band theory Alloys Hydrogen Bond Factors affecting hydrogen bonding Properties affected by hydrogen bonding Types of hydrogen bonding Anomalous character of water van der Waals Forces Dipoledipole attractions Ion-dipole attractions Ion-induced dipole attractions London forces Chapter 4 Nuclear Chemistry: Introduction The Atomic Nucleus Binding energy of the nucleus Packing fraction of the nucleus Meson theory of nuclear forces Characteristics of nuclear forces Shell model of the nucleus Liquid drop model of the nucleus Natural Radioactivity Disintegration theory Rate of disintegration Radioactive equilibrium Radioactive disintegration series Induced nuclear reactions Artificial Radioactivity Projectile-capture reactions Projectile-capture particle-emission reactions Spallation reactions Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion Identification of Isotopes Separation of Isotopes Gaseous diffusion method Centrifugal method Applications of Radioactivity Carbon dating Age of earth and minerals Power generation Chemical investigations Agricultural applications Clinical applications Biological applications Industrial applications Analytical applications Chapter 5 Acids and Bases: Introduction BronstedLowry Theory Binary acids Oxyacids Hydrated cation acids Bases Leveling and differentiating effects Lewis Theory Acids Bases Hard and Soft Acid Base Theory Chapter 6 Non-Aqueous Solvents: Introduction AcidBase Reactions Precipitation Reactions Complexation Reactions Redox Reactions Solvolysis Reactions Chapter 7 Metallurgy: Introduction Concentration of Ore Hydraulic washing Magnetic separation Froth flotation Leaching Conversion of Ore into Oxide Calcination Roasting Reduction of Treated Ore to Crude Metal Smelting Reduction with hydrogen Air reduction process Aluminothermite Process Bessemerization Reduction by electrolysis Purification of Metal Liquation Distillation Selective oxidation Selective dissolution Hydrometallurgy Vapo